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05.<br />This study revealed age ≥ 40years (AOR = 10.49; 95% CI 4.03, 27.35), duration of labor ≥ 24h (AOR = 8.32; 95% CI 3.58, 19.33), instrumental delivery (AOR = 7.40; 95% CI 1.21, 45.28), non- utilization of family planning (AOR = 3.14; 95% CI 1.32, 7.47) and underweight (BMI &lt; 18.5kg/m<br />) (AOR = 5.30; 95% CI 1.83, 15.33) were determinants of uterovaginal prolapse.<br />Age ≥ 40years, prolonged labor, instrumental delivery, non-utilization of family planning and underweight were identified as determinant factors of uterovaginal prolapse. Thus, family planning service utilization and appropriate and timely obstetric care are advisable.<br />Age ≥ 40 years, prolonged labor, instrumental delivery, non-utilization of family planning and underweight were identified as determinant factors of uterovaginal prolapse. Thus, family planning service utilization and appropriate and timely obstetric care are advisable.<br />Vaginal surface electromyography (sEMG) is commonly used to assess pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function and dysfunction but there is a lack of studies regarding the assessment properties. The aim of the study was to test the hypotheses that sEMG has good test-retest intratester reliability, good criterion validity and is responsive to changes compared to manometry.<br />PFM resting tone, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and endurance were measured in 66 women with pelvic floor dysfunction. One assessment by manometry was followed by two testing sessions with sEMG at baseline. After 4 to 42weeks of supervised PFM strength training, 29 participants were retested with both devices.<br />Median age of the participants was 41years (range 24-83) and parity 2 (range 0-10). Very good test-retest intratester reliability was found for all three sEMG measurements. The correlation between sEMG and manometry was moderate for vaginal resting tone (r = 0.42, n= 66, p&lt; 0.001) and strong for MVC (r = 0.66, n = 66, p &lt; 0.001) and endurance (r = 0.67, n = 66, p &lt; 0.001). Following the strength training period, participants demonstrated increased MVC and endurance measured with manometry, but not with sEMG. A significant reduction in resting tone was found only with sEMG.<br />sEMG is reliable and correlates well with manometry. However, sEMG is not as responsive as manometry for changes in PFM MVC and endurance. For measurement of PFM resting tone, sEMG seems more responsive than manometry, but this requires further investigation.<br />sEMG is reliable and correlates well with manometry. However, sEMG is not as responsive as manometry for changes in PFM MVC and endurance. For measurement of PFM resting tone, sEMG seems more responsive than manometry, but this requires further investigation.<br />Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common complaint for post-partum women. Reported prevalence and incidence figures show a large range due to varying study methodology. The crude prevalence of post-partum UI may differ when accounting for bother. Precise prevalence and incidence figures on (bothersome) UI are of relevance for health care providers, research planning, and policy makers. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and incidence of UI in post-partum women in the Western world for relevant subgroups and assessed experienced bother in relation to UI.<br />Observational studies, published between January 1998 and March 2020 and reporting on prevalence and incidence between 6weeks and 1year post-partum, were included, regardless of type of UI or setting. We used a random effects model with subgroup analyses for post-partum period, parity and subtype of UI.<br />The mean (weighted) prevalence based on 24 included studies, containing a total of 35.064 women, was 31.0%. After an initial drop in prevalence at 3months post-partum, prevalence rises up to nearly the same level as in the third trimester of pregnancy at 1year post-partum (32%). Stress UI (54%) is the most prevalent type. UI prevalence is equal among primi- and multiparous women. Experienced bother of UI is heterogeneously assessed and reported to be mild to moderate.<br />Post-partum UI is highly prevalent in women in the Western world. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/chitosan-oligosaccharide.html selleck compound] After an initial drop it rises again at 1year post-partum. Experienced bother is mild to moderate.<br />Post-partum UI is highly prevalent in women in the Western world. After an initial drop it rises again at 1 year post-partum. Experienced bother is mild to moderate.Atrial fibrillation is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia with increasing incidence and prevalence. Until now, thermal energy sources such as radiofrequency or cryoablation have been used for pulmonary vein isolation of atrial fibrillation but these have led to indiscriminate tissue destruction in the target area. Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is an energy modality that does not utilize thermal effects. An ultrarapid electric field produces irreversible changes in cell membrane pores (irreversible electroporation) culminating in cell death. The myocardium is very sensitive to PFA compared to the esophagus, the pulmonary veins or the phrenic nerve. Consequently, it is possible to perform effective ablation of the pulmonary veins in a very short time and to make the treatment time more effective without causing relevant collateral damage. The treatment offers a potential paradigm shift from catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmia.<br />Apart from other risk factors, mechanical stress on joints can promote the development of osteoarthritis (OA), which can also affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), resulting in cartilage degeneration and synovitis. Synovial fibroblasts (SF) play an important role in upkeeping joint homeostasis and OA pathogenesis, but mechanical stress as arisk factor might act differently depending on the type of joint. We thus investigated the relative impact of mechanical stress on the gene expression pattern of SF from TMJs and knee joints to provide new insights into OA pathogenesis.<br />Primary SF isolated from TMJs and knee joints of mice were exposed to mechanical strain of varying magnitudes. Thereafter, the expression of marker genes of the extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation and bone remodelling were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).<br />SF from the knee joints showed increased expression of genes associated with ECM remodelling, inflammation and bone remodelling after mechanical loading, whereas TMJ-derived SF showed reduced expression of genes associated with inflammation and bone remodelling.